17^th International Conference on Obesity, Diet and Nutrition August 28-29, 2018 Paris, France. Venue: Holiday Inn Paris – Marne La Vallee

Qing Liu is a Director of institute for foodbone pathogen harmfuless and management school of medical instrument and food engnieering and Professor at Univercity of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a kind of food pathogenic bacteria with strong pathogenicity that has been shown previously to cause infection via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. External pathogens can cause changes in gut microbiota, and such a change can promote or confer resistance to the infection of pathogenic bacteria. However, the changes in the microbiota during Lm through the GI tract and infect the body is unknown. Eight-week-old mice’s were inoculated orally with L. monocytogenes EGD-e, and portions of the liver, spleen and cecal contents were removed, homogenized and plated, and feces were collected on 0 day, first day and third day. After that, different concentrations of FMT were used to treat Lm infected mice. L. monocytogenes culture confirmed that the content of Lm in cecum after intragastric inoculation reached the highest level on first day, and then remained at a low level. The content of Lm in spleen and liver reached the highest level on third day. The percentage of the Proteobacteria spp, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria on first day remained significantly higher than that of the 0 day (P<0.01), while the proportion of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus on first day was significantly lower than that of the 0 day (P<0.01). Compared to first day, the Coprococcus, Blautia and Eubacterium increased significantly on third day. In addition, the mortality of infected mice was reduced by 28% after FMT treatment compared with PBS treatment. Finally, we showed that inoculated with EGD-e significantly altered the gut microbiome in mice in different times and the potential probiotics increased in infected mice like the Blautia may be developed as new probiotics to enhance resistance against L. monocytogenes infections. The gut microbiome of healthy mice can significantly reduce the mortality of infected mice by reducing the inflammatory response and rebuilding the dysbacteriosis.

Kennedy Adu-Twum has completed his MBChB program from the Kwame Nkrumah University, Faculty of Medicine, Ghana. He is a Junior Physician Health Staff at the Kumasi South Hospital of the Diagnosis Directorate of the hospital and has served for two years. He has published 13 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Member for many heaths.

A claim on beta-glucans and maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentrations has already been assessed with a favorable outcome. The main objective of this study was to assess the claim of beta-glucans from barley grain products lowering effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol among Ghanaian population. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol are the endpoints measures for this study. Participants with elevated blood LDL-cholesterol concentration (≥3.8 mmol/L) were eligible for the intervention phase. The main study parameters were LDL- cholesterol and total cholesterol. Out of total 343 participants recruited, 20.7% (71/343) were diabetic while 8.75% (30/343) were pre-diabetic. Also, 63.64% (217/343) had high total cholesterol levels, 32.46% (111/343) had high levels of LDL and 27.57% (94/343) had high triglyceride. However, only participants with high LDL (111) were selected for the intervention phase. Many (43.59%) of the study participants were within the age range of 31-60 years. During the baseline survey, 16.16% of the participants were diabetic, during the two weeks follow up, 12.12% were diabetic and 7.46% during the four weeks follow up of daily administration of beta-glucans supplement. Also, the proportion of participants with high TCHOL dropped from 95.96% to 78.79% and slightly increased to 83.58% by follow-ups I and II respectively. The proportion of participants with high LDL dropped from a baseline of value of 95.96% to 60.61% and increased to 79.1% by follow-ups I and II respectively. Also, the proportion of participants with desirable HDL dropped from 95.96% at baseline to 71.72% and 37.31% by follow-ups I and II respectively. The proportion of participants with high TG at baseline was 34.34% and this has declined to 34.34% and increased slightly to 32.84% by follow-ups I and II respectively. Beta-glucans has significantly lowered blood cholesterol concentrations among Ghanaians.

Roberta Dourado Cavalcante da Cunha de Sá has completed her PhD from Federal University of São Paulo. She is a Pharmacist, Master of Science and has published one paper as fi rst author and three papers as co-author.

The efforts dedicated to finding the cure for obesity and associated disorders lead to an intense interest in adipocyte metabolism. The consumption of ω-3 fatty acids (FA) presents benefi cial eff ects on changes caused by obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the adipokines secretion of isolated adipocytes from obese mice induced by high fat (HF) diet, supplemented or not with fish oil (FO) [rich in ω-3 FA (EPA/DHA, 5:1)] with emphasis on the differential response of subcutaneous and visceral adipose deposits, inguinal (ING) and retroperitoneal (RP) region, respectively. C57BL/6J mice received control (CO) or HF diet for 8 weeks. Supplementation with FO (2 g/Kg p.c., 3 times/week) was initiated 8 weeks aft er the induction of obesity, remaining until the end, totaling 16 weeks of experimental protocol. The white adipose tissue ING and RP were removed for isolation of adipocytes that were subjected to D'MEM / 10% FBS culture for 30 hours. At the end, adipokines concentrations in the culture supernatant were determined using specifi c ELISA kits. The adipocytes of the HF group showed a significant hypertrophy followed by an increase in the secretion of proinfl ammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 compared to the CO group, whereas the HF + FO group presented total reversion of this eff ect, in both ING and RP adipocytes. Th ere was no diff erence in secretion of adiponectin. Th e relevance of isolated adipocytes in the secretion of these cytokines is highlighted here. The adipocytes are affected by the HF diet and the FO has a protective effect on these parameters.

Maysa Mariana Cruz will completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from Federal University of São Paulo. She is a pharmacist, Master of science and has published 1 paper as first author and 7 papers as coauthor.

We have recently demonstrated that palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) increases lipolysis, glucose uptake and glucose utilization for energy production in white adipose cells. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that palmitoleic acid modulates bioenergetic activity in white adipocytes. For this, 3 T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes in the presence (or absence) of palmitic (16:0) or palmitoleic (16:1n7) acid at 100 or 200 μM. The following parameters were evaluated: lipolysis, lipogenesis, fatty acid (FA) oxidation, ATP content, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial mass, citrate synthase activity and protein content of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. Treatment with 16:1n7 during 9 days raised basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, FA incorporation into triacylglycerol (TAG), FA oxidation, oxygen consumption, protein expression of subunits representing OXPHOS complex II, III, and V and intracellular ATP content. These effects were not observed in adipocytes treated with 16:0. Palmitoleic acid, by concerted action on lipolysis, FA esterifi cation, mitochondrial FA oxidation, oxygen consumption and ATP content, does enhance white adipocyte energy expenditure and may act as local hormone.