20^th International Conference on Obesity September 23-24, 2021 Paris, France

A nutritional deficiency happens when the body doesn’t get sufficient nutrient food or absorb nutrient taken in the form of food. Deficiencies will result in a variety of health issues. Obesity causes vitamin D deficiency, a nutrient that helps the body absorb calcium, which is essential for healthy bones, the nutritional recommendations has mainly helped in prevention of diseases. Diet and physical activity are the most difficult exposures to assess in observational research and are plagued by considerable measurement error. These will embrace digestion problems, skin disorders, scrubby or defective bone growth, and even dementia. A person can be overweight and still be malnourished. This can be due to having a diet consisting of food and drink that's high in fat and sugar but low in essential vitamins and minerals.

Pediatric Nutrition is a description of the dietary needs of infants. In Pediatric nutrition the most important aspect is breastfeeding. Feeding the premature baby provides the long chain fatty acids and prebiotics to the children. Severely undernourished children die of insufficient management with too much volume and too much protein in the initial phase.

Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat has a negative impact on a child's health or well-being. Due to the rising prevalence of childhood obesity and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern. Childhood obesity can lead to diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol, early heart problems and skin conditions such as heat rash, fungal infections, and acne.

Several studies have found that a numbers of patients with mental illness are obese compared to the general population. Mental illness may increase the risk of obesity, while obesity may increase an individual's chances to develop a psychiatric disorder. The reasons behind the link between obesity and psychiatric problems are poor self-image, the biological disruptions caused by obesity, physical inactivity and the social stigma related to being overweight. Epidemiological studies justify positive associations between obesity and mood disorders.

Poor diet is one of the major contributors to the leading causes of chronic illness and death. Healthy diets along with physical activity are key to good nutrition and necessary for a long and healthy life. Eating nutritional foods and balancing energy intake with the necessary physical activity to maintain a healthy weight is essential at all stages of life. Unbalanced intake of foods high in energy (sugar, starch and/or fat) but low in essential nutrients commits to energy excess, overweight and obesity. The quantity of the energy consumed in relevancy to physical activity and also the quality of food are key determinants of nutrition connected to chronic disease.

Diabetes is an associated disorder characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels due to the body's failure to produce enough insulin to regulate high glucose levels. There are 2 types of diabetes. Type1 diabetes, which often arises in adolescents, is caused by the body's inability to make type2 diabetes, which occurs as a result of the body's failure to react properly to insulin. Links between obesity and type 2 diabetes. It is known that factors of developing various types of diabetes mellitus. For type 2 diabetes, this includes being overweight (having a body mass index - BMI - of 30 or greater). Overweight is increasing the chance to developing the common type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes.

Being overweight or obese creates psychosocial risks for the child. Being significantly overweight has an impact on the child's level of self-esteem and creates problems in social relationships with peers subjecting them to teasing and ridicule, resulting in social withdrawal. Obese children are unable to participate in the same level of physical activity as other children. The ongoing stigma and social isolation of being different erodes the child's sense of wellbeing, and unless there is a reversal of the child's condition, serious mental health problems can ensue.

Sex steroid hormones are concerned with the metabolism, accumulation as well as the distribution of adipose tissues. Recent studies reveal that progesterone receptor, oestrogen receptor and androgen receptor exist in adipose tissues therefore, their actions could be direct. Sex steroid hormones carry out their function in adipose tissues by both nongenomic and genomic mechanisms.

Obesity increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure and coronary heart disease (CHD).The mechanisms through which obesity increases cardiovascular diseases risk involve changes in body composition that may affect hemodynamics and alters heart structure. Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the adipose tissue can induce cardiac dysfunction and can promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Studies show that food, aerobic exercise and sleep has an effect on the brain functioning and mental health. This raises the exciting probabilities that changes in diet can enhance cognitive abilities, protect the brain from damage and counteract the effects of aging. Excess calories reduce the flexibility of synapses and increase the chances of cell damage during the formation of free radicals.

Traditional Chinese medicine is a kind of traditional medicine usually based on more than 2,500 years old Chinese medical practice which includes various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, exercise, and dietary therapy to prevent health problems. Acupuncture involves thin needles which are inserted into the body. Acupuncture is usually safe when done by properly by a trained practitioner using clean and single-used needle technique.

Yoga is among the ancient form of exercise that focuses on your mind, body and soul. On the other hand, physical therapy, not only works to prevent osteoporosis in women and neck pain or low back pain, physical therapy is a proven weight management tool. Physical therapist can perform a full assessment of body and health targeting areas of concern and customize an exercise program designed to reduce, in fact, eliminate pain and making healthier beings. Therapists can teach the correct form for each exercise to be performed with minimal pain and strain helping getting rid of the excess pounds.

It is a disorder that involves excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems. Obesity often results from taking in more calories than are burned by exercise and normal daily activities. When a person's body mass index is greater than 25, they are said to be obese. The extra fat increases the risk of various health problems. The condition is caused when the body is consuming more calories than it utilizes. Imbalanced diet, lack of physical activities, unhealthy lifestyle, environmental and behavioral factors is some of the few of the causes for obesity.

Obesity is associated with many endocrine abnormalities which are associated with hormonal imbalance and resistance. Some of these abnormalities are considered as factors to cause for the development of obesity, whereas others are considered to be secondary effects of obesity and usually are restored after weight loss. Hormones play an important role in appetite, metabolism, body fat distribution and storage of excess energy in food as fats. Weight reduction generally normalizes these endocrine alterations, implicating obesity as a direct cause. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate processes in our body. They are one of the factors causing obesity.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels.

Having just one of these conditions doesn't mean you have metabolic syndrome. But it does mean you have a greater risk of serious disease. And if you develop more of these conditions, your risk of complications, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease, rises even higher.